Frederik Lucas and Kathrin Bierwirth, from the German social research partner Iso-Institut, conducted two research trips. The first research areas were located in Togo:  Latacopé in rural Togo and Agoé Zongo in urban Togo.

 On-site inspections and participating observations as well as qualitative interviews (individual and group) were performed to assess the user need by exploring the daily routines and needs of the people. The second research trip took place in the area of suburban Tipaza, Algeria.

On-site inspections of the local water sources and interviews with the local people as well as authorities served as a base for the further assessment of the user needs. The results of the research trips will be used to optimize the usability of the LEDSOL-technology.